Electrical resistance element.



ALBERT LJmrcsH, or DETROIT, memes- 1 COMPANY, or name-mutation Imacmmuraes No Drawing.

.. w re are I To all whom it may concern."

Be it known; that I, ALBEIZT IMABsH,

a citizen of the United, States, residing." at. Detroit, in the countyof. Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented a new anduse-f' fulImprovement in Electrical Resistance Elements, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to an electricalrew sistance element adapted forgeneral use, but more especially for use in heating appliances. For.this use, the first requirement is durability, and it is with thegreatest difficulty that durability can bepredetermined,

although it can'readily be discovered byv actual test.

I have discovered by test that in general metals of the eighth oup,fourth series, of the elements as classified by Mendeljefi' in theperiodic system of elements, (that is, iron, cobalt and nickel) whenalloyed with silicon, give rise to materials having the property ofgreat durability under the conditions of use.

In practice, I' prefer to use the metal nickel, alloyed with silicon inthe proportion of about 5 per cent. of silicon. I have succeeded inrolling alloys running as high as 7 per cent. silicon with nickel,althoughthe alloy is so hard as to interfere somewhat with the facilityof the operation. The art of rolling and drawing metals is advancingrapidly, however, and it is probable that higher percentages can berolled in the future as the art develops.

Cobalt is generally interchangeable with nickel'for the purposeintended, as I have determined by long experience andtesting resistanceelements of various. compositions.

The principal difference between the two consists in the fact thatcobalt alloys work easier hot and nickel alloys work easier cold. Iron,when alloyed alone 'with silicon, in the proportions mentioned, or infact in any proportions where the silicon shows its effects inincreasing durability, is so brittle that I have not succeeded inrolling it but mixtures of iron with cobalt or nickel, or

with" silicon in thefpiroportlons named.- In fact, the difference.etween. the three met aleiren, cobalt and .nickiel-L-Whginfiaillbyed 1with s l con; for the ,purposefintended, .li'e's' "principally in theease -w1thwhi'chafresist 55.

ance element can be manufactured from them, and-not those propertiesinherent :in' the, alloy which. become important the use of'the element.

both ca be worked readily when alloyed' My preferred element, formed asabove mentioned, has a resistivity of approxi mately 37 microhms percentimeter cube,

which is quite high-enough for convenient manufactureof translators,although not as high'as someelements available on the marketand,althoughI have not tested the resistivity of all the-mixtures possible 'oftheseveral {metals specified, fit. is" highly probable that the mixtures'ofthemetals iron, nickel and cobalt, or some of them, when 1 alloyed withsilicon in the percentages named, will givefl'still higher resistances.For instance, nickel" alloys in which the nickel is 30 per cent. areknown to give resistivities of'approxim ately 85 microhms per centimetercube, and while the addition of the silicon will greatly augment thedurability of such an-alloy, as I have discovered, 1t doubtlesswill notgreatly'decrease' the resistivity, and ma somewhat increase it. It will,of course, be understood that deoxidizers, such as manganese, may beused, in addition to the metals herein specified, for its ordinarypurposes, and I find that when added rin a slight excess, it does notinjuriously affect the alloy or the element formed therefrom, but on thecontrary, a slight excess when added to the nickel silicon alloy makesworking easier. However, with the cobalt silicon alloy I do not find itnecessary to use the excess manganese.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- v 1. An electricresistance element composed of metal of the eighth group, fourth series,mendeljeffs table, and silicon.

2- An electric resistance element composed of, metal of the eighth group, fourth series, in the proportion of approximately 5 perlllcndeljefls table, and silicon, the silicon in cent.

1110 quantity of apprcximatel 5 per cent. I I

3. An electric resistance element formed ALBERI MA Im o of an alloy ofnickel and silicon. p In presence of- 4. An electric resistance elementformed J. G. ANDERSON,

of an alloy of nickel and silicon, the silicon J. LANDESMAN.

